Electric vehicles are widely promoted as a key solution to climate change, but are they always environmentally beneficial? This study explores the carbon life cycle of electric vehicles across major global markets and finds that their environmental impact depends heavily on how electricity is generated. While EVs can significantly reduce emissions in countries with clean energy systems, they may offer limited or even negative environmental benefits in regions that rely heavil

This project critically examines the World Bank’s recommendation for Malaysia to move up the solar industry value chain and highlights the risks, limitations, and economic implications of this strategy.